Therapeutic Approaches
Therapeutic Approaches with Refugees & Asylum Seekers
This page
provides evidence-based research that utilised a variety of therapeutic models including
Cognitive-Behavioural, Culturally-Sensitive, EMDR, Narrative, Psychodynamic,
Systemic Family, Creative Arts therapies, etc., to treat refugee and asylum
seeking population.
We would like to express our deepest
appreciation to researchers, mental health experts and practitioners whose work has been
cited below, enriching our portal and practice of professionals working with refugees and asylum
seekers.
Papers
below have been researched and compiled by Dr Farkhondeh Farsimadan, a Chartered
Counselling Psychologist who is an Associate Fellow of the British
Psychological Society and an HCPC registered psychologist.
Please use
links below to access the research papers. For some papers multiple available
links are provided as some links may eventually stop working.
- Askovic, M., Watters, A.J., Aroche, J., & Harris, A.W.F. (2017). Neurofeedback as an adjunct therapy for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder related to refugee trauma and torture experiences: two case studies. Australasian Psychiatry, 25,4,358-363.doi: 10.1177/1039856217715988
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28699778
- Bogner, D., Herlihy, J., & Brewin, C. (2007). Impact of sexual violence on disclosure during Home Office interviews. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 75 – 81. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.030262.
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/191/1/75
- Brewin, C. (2011). The Nature and Significance of Memory Disturbance in Post traumatic Stress Disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 203 – 227.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21219190
- Bryant, R. (2015). The effects of refugee experience on the brain.NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
https://www.startts.org.au/media/Professor-Richard-Bryant_STARTTS-Research-Symposium-2015.pdf
- Clark, R. (2017). Impact of trauma on childhood development: implications for the education and social prowess of refugee children. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
http://www.startts.org.au/media/PP-Slides_STARTTS-Clinical-Evening_Child-Educational-Competencies_Prof-Richard-Clark_14-March2017.pdf
- Doherty, S.M., Craig, R., Gardani, M., & Mcmillan, T. M. (2016). Head injury in asylum seekers and refugees referred with psychological trauma. Global Mental Health, 3.doi:10.1017/gmh.2016.23
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309080993_Head_injury_in_asylum_seekers_and_refugees_referred_with_psychological_trauma
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-mental-health/article/head-injury-in-asylum-seekers-and-refugees-referred-with-psychological-trauma/4E6FA5E31EEAC5A4A4AF9884E4CF72B4
https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2016.23
- Graham, B., Herlihy, J., & Brewin, C. (2014). Over-general memory in asylum seekers and refugees. Journal of Behaviour Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 45,375-380.
http://csel.org.uk/assets/images/resources/graham-herlihy-brewin-2014-jbtep/graham-herlihy-brewin-overgeneral-memory.pdf
- Halpern, N. (2016). “Come into my Parlour” said the spider to the fly: Complex trauma and betrayal. Refugee trauma and dissociation: reintegrating lost parts of the being. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
http://www.startts.org.au/media/STARTTS-Clin-Ev-Presentation_Naomi-Halpern_30May2016.pdf
- Herlihy, J., Scragg, P., & Turner, S. (2002). Discrepancies in autobiographical memories - implications for the assessment of asylum seekers: Repeated interviews study. British Medical Journal, 324.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7333.324
https://www.bmj.com/content/324/7333/324
- Herlihy, J. & Turner, S. (2007). Memory and seeking asylum. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 9,3, 267-276.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13642530701496872
- Herlihy, J. & Turner, S. (2007). Asylum claims and memory of trauma: sharing our knowledge. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 1, 3-4. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034439.
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/191/1/3
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/BDBD0282E250630BAA81C03D330AA141/S0007125000172770a.pdf/asylum_claims_and_memory_of_trauma_sharing_our_knowledge.pdf
- Hinton, D. E., Hofmann, S. G., Pollack, M. H., & Otto, M. W. (2009). Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: Improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics, 15, 255–263. doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949. 2009.00100.x
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x/full
- Liddell, B. (2017). How Culture Shapes the Brain: Implications for Neural Mechanisms Underlying PTSD in Refugees. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
http://www.startts.org.au/media/STARTTS-Clinical-Master-Class_Cultural-Variations-PTSD-Neuroscience_Dr-Belinda-Liddell_2Aug2017.pdf
- Liddle, B. (2016). latest on neuroscience and trauma. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
- https://www.startts.org.au/media/Slides_STARTTS-Research-Symposium-Nov-2016_Dr-Belinda-Liddell.pdf
- McPherson, J.I. (2017). Traumatic brain injury among refugees and asylum seekers. Disability and Rehabilitation. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1422038
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09638288.2017.1422038
- Mollica, R.F., Lyoo, I.K., Chernoff, M.C., Bui, H.X., Lavelle, J., Yoon, S.J., Kim, J.E., & Renshaw, P.F. (2009). Brain structural abnormalities and mental health sequelae in South Vietnamese ex-political detainees who survived traumatic head injury and torture. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66,1221-1232. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.127
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/210410
- Murdoch, S. (2017). Impact of trauma on the developing brain. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
- http://www.startts.org.au/media/PP-Slides_STARTTS-Clinical-Evening_Child-Educational-Competencies_Sejla-Murdoch_14-March2017.pdf
- Pordily, S. (2017). Who am I? A journey of self- discovery through the lenses of culture. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
http://www.startts.org.au/media/STARTTS-Clinical-Master-Class_Cultural-Variations-PTSD-Neuroscience_Shaheen-Pordily_2Aug2017.pdf
- Crumlish, N., & O’Rourke, K. (2010). A systematic review of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder among refugees and asylum seekers. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198, 237 – 251.
http://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Abstract/2010/04000/A_Systematic_Review_of_Treatments_for.1.aspx
- D’Ardenne, P., Capuzzo, N., Ruaro, L., & Priebe, S. (2005). One size fits all? Cultural sensitivity in a psychological service for traumatised refugees. Diversity in Health & Social Care, 2, 1.
http://diversityhealthcare.imedpub.com/one-size-fits-all-cultural-sensitivity-in-a-psychological-service-for-traumatised-refugees.php?aid=2596
- D’Ardenne, P., Ruaro, L., Cestari, L., Fakhoury, W., & Priebe, S. (2007). Does interpreted-mediated cognitive behaviour therapy with traumatic refugee people work? Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35, 293 – 301.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465807003645
- Drozdek, B., Kamperman, A., Tol, W., Knipscheer, J., & Kleber, R. (2013). Is legal status impacting outcomes of group therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder with male asylum seekers and refugees from Iran & Afghanistan? BioMed Central Psychiatry, 13,148.
http://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244X-13-148
- Ehntholt, K., Smith, P., & Yule, W. (2005). School-based cognitive behavioural therapy group intervention for refugee children who have experienced war-related trauma. Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 10, 2, 235-250.
- http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1359104505051214
- Ehntholt, K.A. & Yule, W. (2006). Assessment and treatment of refugee children and adolescents who have experienced war-related trauma. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 12, 1197 – 1210.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17176375
- Gary, J., & Rubin, N.S. (2014). A first person account of the refugee experience: identifying psychosocial stressors and formulating psychological responses. Psychology International, APA.
http://www.apa.org/international/pi/2014/12/global-violence.aspx
- Grey, N. & Young, K. (2008). Cognitive behaviour therapy with refugees and asylum seekers experiencing traumatic stress symptoms. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36, 1, 3 – 19.
- https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465807003918
- Haddad, H. (2015). Client case study: Utilising imaginal exposure therapy with multiple traumatic experiences. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
http://www.startts.org.au/media/Clin-Ev-Presentation_Heyam-Haddad_Exposure-Techniques_18Nov2015.pdf
- Hijazi, A.M., Lumley, M.A., Ziadni, M.S., Haddad, L., Rapport, L.J. & Arnetz, B.B. (2014). Brief Narrative Exposure Therapy for Post traumatic Stress in Iraqi Refugees: A Preliminary Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27,3, 314–322. doi:
10.1002/jts.21922
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4080404/
- Hinton, D. E., Hofmann, S. G., Pollack, M. H., & Otto, M. W. (2009). Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: Improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics, 15, 255–263. doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949. 2009.00100.x
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x/full
- Hinton, D.E. & Jalal, B. (2014). Guidelines for the implementation of culturally sensitive cognitive behavioural therapy among refugees and in global contexts. Intervention, 12, 1, 78 – 93.
https://www.interventionjournal.com/content/guidelines-implementation-culturally-sensitive-cognitive-behavioural-therapy-among-refugees
https://www.interventionjournal.com/sites/default/files/Hinton%202014%20I%20guidelines%20implementation%20culturally%20sensitive%20CBT.pdf
- Hinton, D. E., Rivera, E. I., Hofmann, S. G., Barlow, D. H., & Otto, M. W. (2012). Adapting CBT for traumatised refugees and ethnic minority patients: Examples from culturally adapted CBT (CA-CBT). Transcultural Psychiatry, 49,2, 340–365. doi:10.1177/1363461512441595.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1363461512441595
- Humphrey, L. (2015). Exposure therapy techniques in the treatment of Complex PTSD. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
http://www.startts.org.au/media/Clin-Ev-Presentation_Dr-Leanne-Humphrey_Exposure-Techniques_18Nov2015.pdf
- Jackson, L. C., Schmutzer, P. A., Wenzel, A., & Tyler, J. D. (2006). Applicability of cognitive-behaviour therapy with American-Indian individuals. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43,4, 506–517. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.43.4.506
http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-3204.43.4.506
http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-23019-012
- Jalal, B., Kruger, Q., & Hinton, D. H. (2017). Adaptation of CBT for a Traumatized South African indigenous group (Sepedi): Examples from culturally adapted somatic-focused CBT (CA-CBT). Cognitive and Behavioural Practice.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.07.003
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077722917300755
- Jalal, B., Samir, W. S., & Hinton, D. E. (2017). Adaptation of CBT for traumatised Egyptians: Examples from culturally adapted CBT (CA-CBT). Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 24, 58–71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.03.001
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077722916300049
- Kananian, S., Ayoughi, S., Farugie, A., Hinton, D. & Stangier, U. (2017). Transdiagnostic culturally adapted CBT with Farsi-speaking refugees: a pilot study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8, Supp 2. 1390362, DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1390362.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20008198.2017.1390362
- Kaminer, D. & Eagle, T. G. (2017). Interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the evidence base. South African Journal of Psychology, 47,1, 7-22.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0081246316646950
- Mcpherson, J. (2012). Does Narrative Therapy reduce PTSD in survivors of mass violence? Research on Social Work Practice, 22,1,29-42.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731511414147
- Mayuran. S. (2016). No home to go to: Working with a Sri Lankan Tamil asylum seeker who are in the process of deportation. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
http://www.startts.org.au/media/Clin-Even-Presentation_Asylum-Seekers-Forced-Home_Sivaharani-Mayuran_10Aug2016.pdf
- Miller-Graff, L.E. & Campion, K. (2016). Interventions for Post traumatic Stress with Children Exposed to Violence: Factors Associated with Treatment Success. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72, 3, 226-248.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.22238/full
- Morantes, M & Perez, D. (2017). The re- blossoming of a bright man. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
http://www.startts.org.au/media/PP-Slides_Clin-Ev_STARTTS_Manuel-Morantes-and-David-Perez_19July2017.pdf
- Naeem, F., Phiri, P., Munshi, T., Rathod,S ., Ayub, M., Gobbi, M., & Kingdon, D. (2015). Using cognitive behaviour therapy with South Asian Muslims: findings from the culturally sensitive CBT project. International Review of Psychiatry, 27,3, 233-246. doi: 10.3109/09540261.2015.1067598
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/09540261.2015.1067598
- Neuner, F. (2016). Narrative exposure therapy: concept & efficacy. A Webinar presentation featuring Dr Neuner, APA Division 56-Trauma Psychology.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhyDplT_uIM&feature=youtu.be
- Neuner, F., Schauer, E., Klaschik, C., Karunakara, U. & Elbert, T. (2004). A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counselling, and psychoeducation for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an African refugee settlement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72,4, 579-587.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15301642
- Neuner, F., Onyut, P. L., Ertl, V., Odenwald, M., Schauer, E. & Elbert, T. (2008). Treatment of Post traumatic Stress Disorder by Trained Lay Counsellors in an African Refugee Settlement: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76,4, 486-694.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18665696
- Neuner F., Kurreck S., Ruf M., Odenwald M., Elbert T., & Schauer M. (2010). Can asylum seekers with post traumatic stress disorder be successfully treated? A randomised controlled pilot study. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, 39, 81–91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16506070903121042
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/16506070903121042
- NICE (2018). Post-traumatic stress disorder overview. National Institute for Health & Care Excellence. NICE Guidelines [NG116].
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng116
- Nickerson, A. (2015). Treatment of posttraumatic disorder in refugees: Latest research studies. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
https://www.startts.org.au/media/Dr-Angela-Nickerson_STARTTS-Research-Symposium-2015.pdf
- Nickerson, A., Bryant, R., & Silove, D. (2011). A critical review of psychological treatments for post traumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 399–417.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.10.004
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21112681
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Angela_Nickerson/publication/49640523_A_critical_review_of_psychological_treatments_of_posttraumatic_stress_disorder_in_refugees/links/5599c6a908ae5d8f39363a3f.pdf
- Onyut, L. P., Neuner, F., Schauer, E., Ertl, V., Odenwald, M., Schauer, M., et al. (2005). Narrative exposure therapy as a treatment for child war survivors with post traumatic stress disorder: Two case reports and a pilot study in an African refugee settlement. BioMed Central Psychiatry, 5,7.
http://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244X-5-7
- Paunovic, N. & Ost, L. G. (2001). Cognitive-behaviour therapy vs exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39,10, 1183-1197.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11579988/
- Rees, M., Blackburn, P., Lab, D., & Herlihy, J. (2007). Asylum 5 – working with asylum seekers in a clinical setting. The Psychologist, 20, 162 – 163.
https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-20/edition-3/asylum-5-working-asylum-seekers-clinical-setting
- Regel, S., & Berliner, P. (2007). Current perspectives on assessment and therapy with survivors of torture: The use of a cognitive behavioural approach. [Special edition: Refugees and asylum seekers]. European Journal of Psychotherapy, Counselling & Health, 9,3, 289-299.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13642530701496906?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=rejp20
- Robjant, K., Roberts, J., & Katona, C. (2017). Treating post traumatic stress disorder in female victims of trafficking using Narrative Exposure Therapy: A Retrospective Audit Treating Posttraumatic. Frontiers in Psychiatry.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00063/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28620321
- Ruf, M., Schauer, M., Neuner, F., Catani, C., Schauer, E., & Elbert T. (2010). Narrative Exposure Therapy for 7 to 16-year-olds: A randomised controlled trial with traumatised refugee children. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 437–445.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jts.20548/full
- Sanmuhanathan, N. (2016). The transgenerational transmission of trauma: Can anyone really tell your story except you? NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
http://www.startts.org.au/media/STARTTS-Clin-Ev_Transgenerational-Trauma_Neeraja-Sanmuhanathan_30March2016.pdf
- Schulz, P., Resick, P., Huber, L. C. & Griffin, M. (2006). The effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy for PTSD with refugees in a community setting. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 13,4, 322-331.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223683956
- Slobodin, O., & De Jong, J. (2015). Mental health interventions for traumatised asylum seekers: what do we know about their efficacy? International Journal of social psychiatry, 61, 1, 17 – 26.
- http://isp.sagepub.com/content/61/1/17.short
- Stenmark H, Catani C, Neuner F, Elbert T, & Holen A. (2013). Treating PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers within the general health care system. A randomised controlled multicentre study. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 51,10, 641–647.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796713001186
- Sullivan, A., Simonson, G. (2016). A Systematic Review of School-based Social-Emotional Interventions for Refugee and War-Traumatised Youth. Review of Educational Research, 86,2.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3102/0034654315609419
- Ter Heide F. J., Mooren T. M., Knipscheer J. W. & Kleber R. J. (2014). EMDR with traumatised refugees: From experience-based to evidence-based practice. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 8,3, 147–156.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.8.3.147
- Thompson, C.T., Vidgen, A., & Roberts, N. P. (2018). Psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 63,66-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.006
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272735817302799
- Tyrer, R., & Fazel, M (2014). School and community based interventions for refugee and asylum seeking children: a systematic review. PLOS ONE 9,2, e89359.
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0089359
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0089359.t002
- Vincent, F., Jenkins, H., Larkin, M., & Clohessy, S. (2012). Asylum seekers’ experiences of trauma focused cognitive behaviour therapy: A qualitative study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41, 579–593.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22794141?dopt=Abstract
- Aggar, I. (2015). Calming the mind: healing after mass atrocity in Cambodia. Transcultural Psychiatry,52,4,543-60. doi: 10.1177/1363461514568336
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25653141
- Begg, D. (2017). Yoga treatment for refugee torture and trauma survivors. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
http://www.startts.org.au/media/PP-Slides_STARTTS-Clinical-Evening_Danielle-Begg_Yoga_23May2017.pdf
- Chung, S. C., & Hunt, J. (2016). Meditation in humanitarian aid: an action research. The Lancet, 388, S36. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32272-3
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)32272-3/fulltext
- Churchward, H. (2017). Role of body focused therapy in treating survivors of torture and trauma a case study of an Iraqi refuge. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
www.startts.org.au/media/PP-slides_Hugh-Churchward_Clinical-Evening_8Nov2017.pdf
- Every, D., Smith, K., Smith, B., Trigg, J., & Thompson, K, (2017). How can a donkey fly on the plane? The benefits and limits of animal therapy with refugees. Clinical Psychologist, APA, Australian Psychological Society, 21, 1, 44-53.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cp.12071/full
- Gopalkrishnan, N. (2012).Yoga therapy and the health of refugees. PhD thesis, Curtin University of Technology. Faculty of Humanities, Centre for Human Rights Education.
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/256091108_Yoga_Therapy_and_the_Health_of_Refugees
https://www.academia.edu/21086939/Yoga_Therapy_and_the_Health_of_Refugees
- Highfield, S. E., Lama, P., Gordin, M.A., Kaptchuk, T.J., & Crosby, S.S. (2012). Acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine for survivors of torture and refugee trauma: a descriptive report.
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 14,3,433-440. doi.org/10.1007/s10903-011-9538-6
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10903-011-9538-6
- Jespersen, K.V., & Vuust, P. (2012). The effect of relaxation music listening on sleep quality in traumatized refugees: a pilot study. Journal of Music Therapy, 49,2, 205-29.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26753218
https://academic.oup.com/jmt/article/49/2/205/870972
- Kalmanowitz, D. (2016). Inhabited studio: art therapy and mindfulness, resilience, adversity and refugees. International Journal of Art Therapy, 21,2, 75-84. doi: 10.1080/17454832.2016.1170053
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17454832.2016.1170053
- Kalmanowitz, D.L. (2017). Art therapy and mindfulness with survivors of political violence: a qualitative study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice & Policy, 9,1,107-113.
doi: 10.1037/tra0000174
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27428554
- Lesmana, C. B. J., Suryani, L.K., Tiliopoulos. N., & Jensen, G.D. (2010). Spiritual-hypnosis assisted therapy: a new culturally-sensitive approach to the treatment and prevention of mental disorders. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 12,3, 195-208. doi: 10.1080/19349637.2010.498696
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19349637.2010.498696
- Longacre, M., Silver-Highfield, E., Lama P., &
Grodin, M. (2012). Complementary and alternative medicine in the
treatment of refugees and survivors of torture: a review and proposal
for action. Torture, 22, 1, 38-57. PMID: 23086004.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23086004/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232532894_Complementary_and_alternative_medicine_in_the_treatment_of_refugees_and_survivors_of_torture_A_review_and_proposal_for_action
- Longacre, M.M., Silver-Highfield, E.S., Lama, P., & Grodin, M.A. (2012).Complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of refugees and survivors of torture: a review and proposal for action. Torture, 22,1, 38-57.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23086004
http://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r29632.pdf
- Madsen, T.S., Carlsson, J., Nordbrandt, M., & Jensen. J.A. (2016). Refugee experiences of individual basic body awareness therapy and the level of transference into daily life. An interview study. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies, 20,2,243-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.10.007
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27210839
- Manincor, M. (2017). Mind-Body Integrative Approaches in treatment of torture and refugee trauma survivors. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
http://www.startts.org.au/media/PP-Slides_Clinical-Evening_Mind-Body_Michael-de-Manincor_23May2017.pdf
- Rosenbaum, S. (2017). Exercise and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. NSW, Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors.
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